An ultramafic rock consisting of major amounts of serpentinized olivine. It is associated with phlogopite, ortho- or clino-pyroxene, carbonates, and chromite. Pyrope garnet, rutile, and perovskite may also be present. Kimberlite is dark in color.
TEXTURE This is a coarse-grained rock, often with a porphyritic texture. Kimberlite can have a brecciated appearance.
ORIGIN Forms at the base of the Earth’s crust and is brought to the surface by steep-sided pipes. The pipes are usually less than a mile in diameter. Kimberlite pipes are the primary source of diamonds and are mined, especially in South Africa, for their high diamond content.
Group: IGNEOUS
Origin: Intrusive
Grain size: Coarse
Crystal shape: Euhedral
Classification: Ultramafic
Occurrence: Hypabyssal, Pluton
Color: Dark
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